1. Hemodynamic disorders, cell injury and necrosis; cell growth and differentiation.

• cell death;
• necrosis and cell differentiation;
• types of necrosis: caseous, coagulative, liquefactive, fatty necrosis;
• types of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis;
• myocardial infarction: complications, gross and microscopic morphology;
• brain infarct: gross and microscopic morphology.
• types of cell adaptation: atrophy, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, intracellular storage - definitions, examples;
• metaplasia as a precancerous condition;
• brown atrophy;
• cardiac steatosis vs. cardiac adiposis;
• hemosiderosis vs. hemochromatosis;
• pneumoconioses as an example of intracellular storage;
• calcifications: metastatic and dystrophic.
• hyperemia, edema;
• failure of right and left side of the heart;
• passive congestion of the liver - “nutmeg” liver;
• hemorrhage; 
• thrombus;
• Virchow’s triad;
• embolus and embolisation;
• pulmonary thromboembolism;
• infarction;
• white (pale) vs. red (hemorrhagic) infarct;
• shock;
• pulmonary edema;
• cerebral edema;
• hemostasis;
• pathogenesis of intracranial hemorrhage: intraparenchymal hemorrhage; subdural and epidural hematoma; subarachnoid hemorrhage.

2. Inflammation, infectious and parasitic diseases:

• definition of inflammation;
• general pathology, causes and general consequences of inflammation;
• vascular changes and mediators of inflammation;
• acute vs. chronic inflammation;
• appendicitis as an example of acute inflammation;
• granulomatous inflammation and granulomatous diseases;
• pathology of fungal infections and candyloma acuminatum. 
• pneumonia - definition, types of pneumonia, morphological features;
• atypical pneumonia;
• fungal infections of the lung, including pneumocystic pneumonia;
• aspergillosis; 
• foreign body reaction;
• lipid pneumonia;
• verrucae (warts).

3. General pathology of neoplasia:

• definition of neoplasia;
• preneoplastic diseases;
• characteristic features of benign and malignant neoplasm;
• epidemiology of neoplasia;
• carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer;
• genetic lesions in cancer;
• hallmarks of cancer;
• etiology of cancer;
• host defenses in neoplasia;
• clinical aspects of neoplasia;
• grading vs. staging;
• paraneoplastic syndromes.

4. Pathology of endocrine and immune systems.

• Pathology of pituitary gland:
• pituitary adenoma;
• hypopituitarism;
• ischemic necrosis of pituitary gland;
• “empty saddle” syndrome.
• Thyroid gland:
• thyroid insufficiency;
• goiter;
• autoimmune diseases: Grave’s disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis;;
• de Quervain thyroiditis;
• Riedl thyroiditis.
• Neoplasm of thyroid gland:
• follicular adenoma;
• papillary carcinoma;
• follicular carcinoma;
• anaplastic carcinoma.
• Pathology of parathyroid gland:
• parathyroid hyperplasia;
• parathyroid adenoma;
• parathyroid carcinoma.
• Pathology of adrenal gland:
• adrenal insufficiency;
• Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome;
• adrenal gland neoplasm: adrenal cortical adenoma, cortical adrenal carcinoma and pheochromocytoma.
• MEN syndromes;
• Amyloidosis.

5. Pathology of cardiovascular system:

• structure and function of blood vessels;
• congenital anomalies;
• blood pressure regulation;
• hypertensive vascular disease;
• atherosclerosis;
• aneurysm and dissection; 
• vasculitis;
• pathology of veins: varicose veins, thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis, superior and inferior vena cava syndrome, lymphangitis and lymphedema.
• heart failure: left and right sided heart failure;
• congenital heart disease;
• ischemic heart disease;
• endocarditis - non-infective and infective;
• degenerative and rheumatic valvular diseases;
• myocarditis;
• pericardial disease;
• cardiac tumors.

6. Gastrointestinal pathology - non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases.

• Oral cavity: 
• oral inflammatory lesions;
• leukoplakia and erythroplakia;
• proliferative and neoplastic diseases.
• Salivary glands: 
• non-neoplastic: sialolithiasis, acute and chronic sialadenitis, mucocele; Sjogren syndrome;
• neoplastic (benign and malignant): pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Warthin tumor, acinic cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma;
• the role of FNA in salivary gland tumors classification.
• Esophagus: 
• esophagitis;
• precancerous lesions of squamous cell- and adenocarcinoma;
• Barrett esophagus;
• esophageal carcinomas: squamous cell- and adenocarcinoma: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, histology, prognostic factors;
• other tumors of the esophagus;
• the role of biopsy in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases
• Stomach:
• gastritis: acute vs. chronic;
• gastric ulcer: acute vs. chronic;
• helicobacter pylori infection: epidemiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, complications;
• gastric polyps;
• precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma;
• gastric carcinoma: types, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, prognostic factors;
• classifications in gastric carcinoma: Bormann classification; WHO classification; Lauren classification; TNM classification;
• early gastric carcinoma: definition and prognosis;
• other tumors of stomach: gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), other mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, neuroendocrine tumors.
• Appendix: appendicitis and appendiceal tumors.
• Small intestine and large intestine:
• small bowel obstruction;
• vascular disorders of bowel;
• celiac disease;
• Hirschprung disease;
• inflammatory bowel disease: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis;
• Crohn’s disease - etiology, epidemiology, gross and microscopic features, complications;
• ulcerative colitis - etiology, epidemiology, gross and microscopic features, complications;
• Crohn’s disease vs. ulcerative colitis - differences and common features. The role of pathologist in the diagnostic process of both entities. Limitations of biopsy. 
• inflammatory bowel disease vs. infectious diseases of the intestine - the role of pathologist and the importance of clinical correlation.
• Precancerous lesions; types of polyps;
• Peutz-Jeghers syndrome;
• Familial Adenomatous Polyposis syndrome;
• Cowden syndrome;
• adenocarcinoma of the large bowel: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, prognostic factors, TNM classification.

7. Pathology of liver, salivary glands, pancreas and biliary tract.

• Salivary glands:
• non-neoplastic: sialolithiasis, acute and  chronic sialadenitis, mucocele; Sjogren syndrome;
• neoplastic (benign and malignant): pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Warthin tumor, acinic cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma;
• the role of FNA in salivary gland tumors classification.
• Pancreas:
• non-neoplastic diseases: true cysts and pseudocysts, acute and chronic pancreatitis, fatty necrosis;
• neoplastic diseases: PanIn (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia), ductal adenocarcinoma, acinic carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, IPMN (intraepithelial mucinous neoplasm), MCN (mucinous cystic neoplasm).

• Liver:

• non-neoplastic diseases: cirrhosis, acute and chronic hepatitis, passive hyperemia of the liver, vascular pathology, hepatic hypertension, liver steatosis; focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH);
• Neoplastic disease: types of hepatic adenoma; hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma; other common neoplasm of the liver e.g. cavernous hemangioma.
• Core biopsy of the liver - indications and contradictions.

• Biliary tract:
• gallbladder pathology: cholelithiasis, inflammation and neoplasms
• billiary tract pathology: choledocholithiasis, primary biliary cholangitis, neoplastic diseases.